Join words and clauses with Spanish conjunctions for addition, contrast, cause and conditions.
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Spanish coordinating conjunctions
Y becomes e before an /i/ sound, and o becomes u before an /o/ sound: padre e hijo, siete u ocho.
Pero contrasts ideas; sino replaces a rejected idea: no es rojo, sino azul. Sino que introduces a replacement clause with its own verb.
yand · EE
eand (before an i sound) · EH
oor · OH
uor (before an o sound) · OO
ninor · NEE
perobut · PEH-roh
sinobut rather (replacement) · SEE-noh
sino quebut rather (before a clause) · SEE-noh keh
masbut (literary) · MAHS
siwhether / if (indirect question) · SEE
Spanish conjunctions for reasons and conditions
Porque gives a reason, while para que gives a purpose. Aunque introduces a concession: although or even though.
Si can introduce a condition as well as an indirect question. Siempre que has a conditional meaning here; it can also mean whenever.
porquebecause · por-KEH
ya quesince / given that · yah KEH
puesto queas / because (given reason) · PWEHS-toh keh
dado quegiven that · DAH-doh keh
aunquealthough · OWN-keh
a menos queunless · ah MEH-nohs keh
siempre queprovided that · SYEHM-preh keh
con tal de queon condition that · kohn TAHL deh keh
para queso that (purpose) · PAH-rah keh
sin quewithout (a following clause) · SEEN keh
Spanish conjunctions for time and results
Antes de que and después de que link to a clause; before a noun or infinitive, the structure changes. Antes de salir means before leaving.
Verb mood depends on meaning and timing. Learn the word meanings here and expand your verb knowledge with common verbs.
cuandowhen · KWAHN-doh
mientraswhile · MYEHN-trahs
en cuantoas soon as · en KWAHN-toh
antes de quebefore (a following clause) · AHN-tehs deh keh
después de queafter (a following clause) · dehs-PWEHS deh keh
hasta queuntil (a following clause) · AHS-tah keh
desde quesince (a starting time) · DEHS-deh keh
ahora quenow that · ah-OH-rah keh
así queso / therefore (clause connector) · ah-SEE keh
de modo queso that / with the result that · deh MOH-doh keh
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Spanish Conjunctions: the full list
Review the vocabulary by topic, then use the printable worksheet to check your recall.
Quick answer:and is y, and (before an i sound) is e, or is o, or (before an o sound) is u, nor is ni, but is pero, but rather (replacement) is sino, but rather (before a clause) is sino que, but (literary) is mas, and whether / if (indirect question) is si.
